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The rise and fall of Bed Bath and Beyond: From $14B to bankruptcy

A $14B retail giant that mailed coupons daily and turned shopping into a game — then spent $11.8B buying its own stock instead of learning e-commerce.

By The Numbers

$14B
peak market valuation
$11.8B
spent on stock buybacks
$21.5M
bankruptcy sale price

What They Nailed Early

Rode the category killer wave perfectly — built superstores stacked floor-to-ceiling with homegoods at discount prices. Gamified shopping with endless 20% off coupons that trained customers to hunt for deals. Hit 1,000 stores and became the dominant homegoods chain.

What Changed

Founders didn't get the internet — admitted it outright. While Target and Walmart poured billions into omnichannel in the 2000s, Bed Bath & Beyond kept mailing coupons and stuffing stores. Meanwhile, leadership spent $11.8B on stock buybacks (even borrowed to do it) instead of building e-commerce. Then activist investors brought in a Target exec who killed the beloved coupons and replaced name brands with low-quality private label. Customers stopped coming.

Where it Landed

Chapter 11 bankruptcy, April 2023. All 1,500 stores closed. Overstock.com bought the name for $21.5M and rebranded itself as Bed Bath & Beyond — now an e-commerce site only.

The Principles

1. 
Don't treat your business as a piggy bank. Bed Bath & Beyond spent $11.8B on buybacks while the world shifted to e-commerce — no war chest left when crisis hit.
2. 
Adapt or die isn't a cliché. When 28% of your market moves online in a decade and you admit you "don't get the internet," you're finished.
3. 
Customer habits are sacred. They gamified shopping with coupons for 30 years, then took the game away. Customers didn't adapt — they left.

Builder's Takeaway

3 warning signs your retail brand is heading for bankruptcy:
• 
Borrowing money to buy back stock instead of investing in the business
• 
Ignoring seismic market shifts (like e-commerce) because "we don't get it"
• 
Killing the customer ritual that made you beloved (coupons, brands, treasure hunt)
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